Nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH) is the inborn error of glycine metabolism defined by deficient activity of the glycine cleavage enzyme system (GCS), which results in accumulation of large quantities of glycine in all body tissues including the brain. Based on ultimate outcome NKH is categorized into severe NKH (no developmental progress and intractable epilepsy) and attenuated NKH (variable developmental progress and treatable or no epilepsy).
NKH is a disorder that affects the glycine cleavage enzyme system. Patients have mutations in components of the system usually with mutations in the GLDC or the AMT genes.
Nonketotic hyperglycinemia is a neurometabolic disorder characterized by intellectual disability, seizures, and spasticity. Patients with attenuated nonketotic hyperglycinemia make variable developmental progress.
Monogenetic diseases provide unique opportunity for studying complex, clinical states that underlie neurological severity. Loss of glycine decarboxylase (GLDC) can severely impact neurological development as seen in non-ketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH).
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